Parallel text

Text: Chapter 4

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- the matched inflection rule that produced the form
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1.0      
I atan hirnë i osto.
The man found the city.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


atan

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a Man


hirnë

verb-past-sing
hir- (vt.)
(one) found


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


osto
osto.3+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a city

2.0      
Iþil síla or tië.
The moon is shining now above a road.


iþil

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a Moon


síla

verb-pres-sing
sil- (vt.)
(one) is shining (white)



(av)
base
= (av.)
now


or

base
= (pp.)
above


tië
(n).1
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a road

3.0      
I perian matuva aiwë enar.
The halfling will eat a bird tomorrow.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


perian
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a Halfling


matuva
mat
verb-futu-sing
mat- (vt.)
(one) will eat


aiwë

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a (small) bird


enar
(av)
base
= (av.)
tomorrow

4.0       
I nís merë marë mi taurë.
The woman wants to live in a forest.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nís

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a woman


merë
+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
mer- (vt.)
(one) hopes


marë
:1.0+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
mar-¹ (vt.)
(one) abides


mi

base
= (pp.)
in


taurë
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a forest

5.0         
I nauco fárëa i orcor nu i oron.
The dwarf is hunting the orcs under the mountain.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nauco
(n)nauco+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a dwarf


fáreä
(v)fara
verb-pres-sing
fara- (vt.)
(one) is hunting


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


orcor
.0
noun-nom-plur
orco¹ (n.)
Orcs


nu
.0
base
= (pp.)
under


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


oron
oron
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a mountain

6.0     
Aiwi vilir nu menel.
Birds fly under the heavens/sky.


aiwi

noun-nom-plur
aiwë (n.)
(small) birds


vilir
.0
verb-aor2-plur
vil- (vi.)
(they) fly


nu
.0
base
= (pp.)
under


menel
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a the heavens


8.0        
Ninqui axor naucoron caitar nu i oron.
[The] white bones of dwarves lie under the mountain.


ninqui
.0+adj-ppos
adj-ppos
ninquë (aj.)
white


axor

noun-nom-plur
axo² (n.)
bones


naucoron

noun-gen-plur
nauco (n.)
of dwarves


caitar
:1
verb-aor2-plur
caita-¹/cait- (vi.)
(they) lie (down)


nu
.0
base
= (pp.)
under


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


oron
oron
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a mountain

9.0        
Luini aiwi vílar or i andë tiër.
Blue birds are flying above the long roads.


luini
+adj-ppos
adj-ppos
luinë (aj.)
blue


aiwi

noun-nom-plur
aiwë (n.)
(small) birds


vílar
.0
verb-pres-plur
vil- (vi.)
(they) are flying


or

base
= (pp.)
above


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


andë
(aj).0
adj-ppos
anda (aj.)
long


tiër
(n).1
noun-nom-plur
tië (n.)
roads

10.0     
I atano sercë carnë.
The man’s blood [is] red.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


atano

noun-gen-sing
atan (n.)
of a Man


sercë

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a blood


carnë
(aj).0+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
red

11.0      
Calmar cálar laurië i ostossë.
Lamps are shining golden[ly] in the city.


calmar
calma.0
noun-nom-plur
calma (n.)
lamps


cálar
cal
verb-pres-plur
cal- (vi.)
(they) are shining


laurië
(aj)
adj-ppos
laureä (aj.)
golden (of hue)


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


ostossë
.3
noun-loc-sing
osto (n.)
at a city

12.0     
Cenin varni leperi máryo.
I see [the] brown fingers of his/her hand.


cenin
(v).0
verb-aor2-s1-short
cen- (vt.)
I see


varni
(aj).1+adj-ppos
adj-ppos
varnë (aj.)
brown


leperi

noun-nom-plur
leper (n.)
fingers


máryo

poss-s3-gen-sing
(n.)
of his/her/its hand

13.0      
Mornë homi orquion serir amborintassen.
[The] black hearts of orcs rest in their chests.


mornë
.0
adj-ppos
morna (aj.)
black


homi

noun-nom-plur
hón²/hom- (n.)
hearts (physical)


orquion
.0
noun-gen-plur
orco²/orcu- (n.)
of Orcs


serir
.0
verb-aor2-plur
ser- (vi.)
(they) rest


amborintassen
ambos.1
poss-p3-loc-plur
ambos/ambor- (n.)
at their chests


15.0       
I sercë-quilië mindoni tarir i ambossen.
The blood-coloured towers stand on the hills.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


sercë

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a blood


quilië
(aj).0
adj-ppos
quileä (aj.)
coloured


mindoni

noun-nom-plur
mindon (n.)
(lofty) towers


tarir

verb-aor2-plur
tar- (vt.)
(they) stand


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


ambossen
.0
noun-loc-plur
ambo (n.)
at hills

16.0     
Híni samir nityë piri.
Children have little toes.


híni

noun-nom-plur
hína/hín- (n.)
children


samir

verb-aor2-plur
sam- (vt.)
(they) have


nityë

adj-ppos
nitya (aj.)
little


piri

noun-nom-plur
pirë (n.)
toes

17.0      
Turcë ranqui carir turwë atani.
Strong arms make powerful men.


turcë
.0
adj-ppos
turca (aj.)
strong


ranqui

noun-nom-plur
ranco/rancu- (n.)
arms


carir
.1
verb-aor2-plur
car- (vt.)
(they) make


turwë

adj-ppos
turwa (aj.)
powerful


atani

noun-nom-plur
atan (n.)
Men

18.0       /    
I hesto cirnë i orquion telqui / telqui i orquion.
The captain cut the orcs’ legs.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


hesto
hesto+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a captain


cirnë

verb-past-sing
cir- (vt.)
(one) cut


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


orquion
.0
noun-gen-plur
orco²/orcu- (n.)
of Orcs


telqui
.0
noun-nom-plur
telco/telcu- (n.)
legs


telqui
.0
noun-nom-plur
telco/telcu- (n.)
legs


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


orquion
.0
noun-gen-plur
orco²/orcu- (n.)
of Orcs

19.0      
Nécë fánë fanyar vilir fanyaressë.
Pale white clouds fly in the sky.


nécë
.0
adj-ppos
néca (aj.)
pale


fánë
(aj)faana
adj-ppos
fána (aj.)
white


fanyar
(n):2.0
noun-nom-plur
fanya² (n.)
(white) clouds


vilir
.0
verb-aor2-plur
vil- (vi.)
(they) fly


fanyaressë

noun-loc-sing
fanyarë (n.)
at the skies

20.0       
I þindë eldar marir laicë tauressen.
The grey elves dwell in green forests.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


þindë
zinda
adj-ppos
þinda (aj.)
grey


eldar

noun-nom-plur
elda (n.)
elves


marir
:1.0
verb-aor2-plur
mar-¹ (vt.)
(they) abide


laicë
(aj):1
adj-ppos
laica¹ (aj.)
green


tauressen
.0
noun-loc-plur
taurë (n.)
at forests


22.0     
I nér maxëa apsa.
The man [male] is cooking meat.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nér
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a man


maxeä

verb-pres-sing
maxa-/max- (vt.)
(one) is cooking


apsa
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a meat

23.0       
I seldo antanë yávi i netten.
The boy gave fruits to the girl.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


seldo
(n)seldo.1+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a boy


antanë
.0
verb-past-sing
anta- (v.)
(one) gave


yávi
.0
noun-nom-plur
yávë (n.)
fruits


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


netten
(n).0
noun-dat-sing
nettë (n.)
for a (little) girl

24.0     
Amillenya mastëa massa .
My mother is baking bread now.


amillenya

poss-s1-nom-sing
amillë (n.)
my mother


masteä

verb-pres-sing
masta- (vt.)
(one) is baking


massa

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
bread



(av)
base
= (av.)
now

25.0     
Atarelya nancë i orva.
Your father bit the apple.


atarelya

poss-s2v-nom-sing
atar (n.)
your (sir) father


nancë
(v)nac:2
verb-past-sing
nac-² (vt.)
(one) bit


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


orva

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an apple

26.0     
Eldar carir miruvórë nehtenen.
Elves make mead with honey.


eldar

noun-nom-plur
elda (n.)
elves


carir
.1
verb-aor2-plur
car- (vt.)
(they) make


miruvórë
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a mead


nehtenen
:1
noun-ins-sing
nehtë¹ (n.)
with honey

27.0      
Quëar ar yávi mára matta (nár).
Vegetables and fruits are good food.


queär

noun-nom-plur
queä (n.)
vegetables


ar
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
and


yávi
.0
noun-nom-plur
yávë (n.)
fruits


mára
(aj).0+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
good


matta

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a food


nár
(v)+verb-aor2-plur
verb-aor2-plur
ná- (vt.)
(they) are


29.0      
I veru ulyanë limpë veriryan.
The husband poured wine for his wife.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


veru

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a husband


ulyanë

verb-past-sing
ulya-² (vt.)
(one) poured (a liquid)


limpë
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a wine


veriryan

poss-s3-dat-sing
veri (n.)
for his/her/its wife

30.0      
Á anta nin yulma neno.
Give [to] me a cup of water.


á
(pt)
base
= (pt.)
imperative particle


anta
(v).0+verb-bare
verb-bare
= (v.)
to give


nin
(pn)
pron-norm-dat
ni (pn.)
for me


yulma
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a cup


neno

noun-gen-sing
nén/nen- (n.)
of a water

31.0       
Matuvalvë mat ó i periandi síra.
We [and you] will eat a meal [together] with the halflings today.


matuvalvë
mat
verb-futu-p1i-long
mat- (vt.)
we will eat


mat
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a meal


ó

base
= (pp.)
with


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


periandi
.0
noun-nom-plur
perian/periand- (n.)
Halflings


síra
(av).0
base
= (av.)
today

32.0     
Merin yulda limpëo .
I want a drink of wine now.


merin

verb-aor2-s1-short
mer- (vt.)
I hope


yulda
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a drink


limpeo
.0
noun-gen-sing
limpë (n.)
of a wine



(av)
base
= (av.)
now

33.0    
Lável mánya lambalyanen.
You licked my hand with [by means of] your tongue.


lável
:2
verb-past-s2v-short
lav-² (vt.)
you (sir) licked


mánya

poss-s1-nom-sing
(n.)
my hand


lambalyanen

poss-s2v-ins-sing
lamba (n.)
with your (…) physical tongue

34.0     
I nís mantë culuma.
The woman ate an orange.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nís

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a woman


mantë
(v)
verb-past-sing
mat- (vt.)
(one) ate


culuma

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an orange [fruit]


36.0     
Nís rendë erdi restaryassë.
A woman sowed seeds in her field.


nís

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a woman


rendë
(v)
verb-past-sing
rer- (vt.)
(one) sowed


erdi
:2.0
noun-nom-plur
erdë² (n.)
seeds


restaryassë
.0
poss-s3-loc-sing
resta (n.)
at his/her/its sown field

37.0     
Olvali alaner lintë tanomë.
Some plants grew swift[ly] there.


olvali
.1
noun-nom-part
olva (n.)
some plants


alaner

verb-past-plur
ala-² (vt.)
(they) denied


lintë

adj-ppos
linta (aj.)
swift


tanomë

base
= (av.)
there

38.0      
I nís nemnë alassëa restaryassë.
The woman seemed happy in her field.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nís

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a woman


nemnë
:2.0
verb-past-sing
nem-² (vt.)
(one) seemed


alasseä
.1+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
happy


restaryassë
.0
poss-s3-loc-sing
resta (n.)
at his/her/its sown field

39.0     
Matta launë i nissen.
Food abounded to the woman (= the woman had lots of food).


matta

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a food


launë
lauta
verb-past-sing
lauta-/laut- (vi.)
(one) abounded


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nissen
(n)niis+noun-dat-sing
noun-dat-sing
nís/niss- (n.)
for a woman

40.0     
I nís mastanë massa.
The woman baked bread.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nís

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a woman


mastanë

verb-past-sing
masta- (vt.)
(one) baked


massa

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
bread

41.0      
Nettë cambë massa i nissello.
A girl received bread from the woman.


nettë
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a (little) girl


cambë

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a hand


massa

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
bread


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nissello
nisse
noun-abl-sing
nissë/niss- (n.)
from a woman


43.0       
Seldoli rapper i massa i nettello.
Some boys snatched the bread from the girl.


seldoli
.1
noun-nom-part
seldo (n.)
some boys


rapper

verb-past-plur
raf- (vt.)
(they) waved


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


massa

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
bread


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nettello
.0
noun-abl-sing
nettë (n.)
from a (little) girl

44.0      
I nettë laccë telco seldo.
The girl kicked the leg of a boy.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nettë
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a (little) girl


laccë

verb-past-sing
lah- (vt.)
(one) kicked


telco
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a leg


seldo
(n)seldo.1+noun-gen-sing
noun-gen-sing
= (n.)
of a boy

45.0         
I seldor hlasser i nettë yalë i hesto.
The boys heard the girl call the captain.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


seldor
.1
noun-nom-plur
seldo (n.)
boys


hlasser

verb-past-plur
hlar- (vt.)
(they) heard


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nettë
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a (little) girl


yalë
+verb-bare
verb-bare
yal- (vt.)
to summon


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


hesto
hesto+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a captain

46.0         
Nirnentë i nettë öa ar nornentë i hestollo.
They pushed the girl away and they ran from the captain.


nirnentë



?


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


nettë
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a (little) girl


öa
(av)
base
= (av.)
away (of movement)


ar
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
and


nornentë



?


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


hestollo

noun-abl-sing
hesto (n.)
from a captain

47.0        
I hesto censë i osto i seldoin.
The captain searched the city for the boys.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


hesto
hesto+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a captain


censë



?


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


osto
osto.3+noun-nom-sing
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a city


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


seldoin
.1
noun-dat-plur
seldo (n.)
for boys

48.0      
I telumë tumpë i híni.
The roof covered the children.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


telumë
.0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a roof


tumpë

verb-past-sing
tup- (vt.)
(one) covered


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


híni

noun-nom-plur
hína/hín- (n.)
children


50.0     
Calali cálar i ostossë.
Some lights are shining in the city.


calali



?


cálar
cal
verb-pres-plur
cal- (vi.)
(they) are shining


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


ostossë
.3
noun-loc-sing
osto (n.)
at a city

51.0   
Uluva enar.
[It] will rain tomorrow.


uluva

verb-futu-sing
ul- (vi.)
(one) will rain


enar
(av)
base
= (av.)
tomorrow

52.0     
I taurë lauca síra.
The forest [is] warm today.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


taurë
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a forest


lauca
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
warm


síra
(av).0
base
= (av.)
today

53.0     
I rottossë morë .
In the cave [it] is dark.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


rottossë
.2
noun-loc-sing
rotto (n.)
at a cave


morë
(aj).0+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
dark



(v)+verb-aor1-sing
verb-aor1-sing
= (vt.)
(one) is

54.0      
Hrísa ar i lossë ringa.
[It] is snowing and the snow [is] cold.


hrísa

verb-pres-sing
hris- (vn.)
(one) is snowing


ar
(cj)
base
= (cj.)
and


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


lossë
(n)losse:2
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a snow


ringa
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
cold

55.0   
Nicunë nöa.
[It] was cold yesterday.


nicunë
.2
verb-past-sing
nicu- (vi.)
(one) was cold (of weather)


nöa
(n).0
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a yesterday


57.0   
Nárë úra.
Fire [is] hot.


nárë

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a flame


úra
:2.2+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
unpleasantly hot

58.0   
Nén linquë.
Water [is] wet.


nén
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a water


linquë
(aj).0+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
wet

59.0   
Helcë ringa.
Ice [is] cold.


helcë
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an ice


ringa
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
cold

60.0      
Á tinta nárë, mecin.
Light a fire, please.


á
(pt)
base
= (pt.)
imperative particle


tinta
+verb-bare
verb-bare
= (vt.)
to kindle


nárë

noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
a flame


mecin
(av)
base
= (av.)
please

61.0      
I vista lauca i coässë.
The air is warm in the house.


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


vista
(n)
noun-nom-sing
= (n.)
an air (as substance)


lauca
+adj-spos
adj-spos
= (aj.)
warm


i
(ar)
base
= (ar.)
the


cöassë
.0
noun-loc-sing
cöa (n.)
at a house

62.0    
Olvar alar cemenessë.
Plants grow in the earth.


olvar
.1
noun-nom-plur
olva (n.)
plants


alar



*


cemenessë



?

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